A cautionary tale: story from 1994 Japan
At the peak of the global housing bubble in 2006, I came across a post about the Japanese bubble that left a big impression on me.
As we collectively attempt to call the bottom of the housing bubble, many are cautiously wading back into markets that have seen 20-30% corrections in house prices. This brought to mind this story from Japan,which offers a historical example of what happens to individuals who wade into troubled waters too early.
Below is the post by Michael Nystrom’s Bull! (Not Bull)
please visit Michael’s site. It’s quite good.
A Cautionary Housing Tale from Japan
by Michael Nystrom
September 8, 2006
Cambridge, MAPlease see Part II of this article, Good News for People Who Love Bad News, here.
In the summer of 1990, with my freshly minted Bachelor’s degree from the University of Washington, I went off to Japan to make my fortune. In the late 1980’s if you recall, Japan was the place to be – Japanese management was all the rage, the Nikkei was soaring, and Japanese businessmen were buying up impressionist paintings and prime properties around the world at record prices. Americans were fretting and wringing their hands at the prospect of being displaced as the world’s supreme economic power.
In spite of all these good economic reasons to stake a claim in Japan, the reason I was there had little to do with all of that. While I had heard of the “bubble economy” in college, I frankly had no idea what it meant. (Having just graduated from college, I barely knew my ass from a hole in the ground, and it was only after leaving school that my true education began.)
The real reason I was in Japan was because I’m half Japanese and I’d just graduated from college without a clue of what to do with my life. So I set off to meet my relatives and discover my roots in the land of the Rising Sun. While I had a job and a place of my own in Tokyo, I spent a good deal of time at my uncle’s house in Yokohama. My uncle is a salary man (sarariman), on the young side of middle age at the time, married and with two kids. In many ways he was an average Japanese enjoying the fruits of a booming economy. Japan was on the rise. Between 1955 and 1990, land prices in Japan appreciated by 70 times while stocks increased 100 fold! You might remember when it was claimed that the land under the Imperial Palace in Tokyo was worth all of Manhattan, and that the land in Tokyo alone was worth more than all the US.
Oh, so that’s what they meant by a bubble!
In spite of the booming economy, my uncle, like many Americans today, was shut out of the housing market. Prices always seemed too high, but a pullback never materialized, so he waited until the right time to buy. While he waited, prices spiraled up and away until at last they were hopelessly out of reach. By the time I arrived in 1990, his family was living in a government-owned, rent controlled flat that was, by any standards, small: Two rooms that were each about 12 feet square, a small kitchen and a tiny bath to serve three adults (including his mother) and his two kids. (Japanese rooms are multi-use rooms, so at night when you’re done eating and watching TV, the furniture is put away and the futons come out and everyone sleeps together on the floor). His was a unit on the first floor of a huge concrete building that sat in the middle of a sea of identical buildings. The picture below is not his actual building, but you get the idea.
And now to the meat of the story that I’ve found myself telling with increasing frequency of late: My uncle thought that he would never ever be able to afford a house in Japan, and that he would live out his dying days in that little rented flat. In his experience, housing prices went only in one direction: up. But by 1992, two years after the Nikkei peaked, something strange began to happen – housing prices started drifting down. Of course my uncle didn’t know that the Nikkei had just put in its all time high, and would ultimately fall by 80% over the next 13 years. Anyone paying attention to the stock market most certainly thought that it was just taking a necessary and well-deserved breather, and that new highs were just around the corner.
By 1994, housing prices continued to drift lower until some units started to become, with considerable stretching and creative financing, affordable. So that year, by taking out a two generation, 60-year mortgage — with his 16-year old son on the hook for the remaining years that he might not be able to pay — my uncle bought his first home. The family had to scrimp, and both he and my aunt had to work more hours, but they were finally, proud homeowners. And it was a nice house – larger than their old house (but not much), in a nicer neighborhood, and on a higher floor with a view of the treetops. I even helped them move in. It was a happy day. I don’t recall the exact price he paid, but I remember thinking that it sure was a lot! Somewhere north of half a million dollars. Those were the kinds of details were lost on me at that age.
I left Japan in 1994, and didn’t return again for a visit until late 1998. In the intervening 4 years, housing prices had continued to fall, and fall, and fall to the point where my uncle’s house was worth only half of what he had paid for it four years earlier: A couple hundred thousand, up in smoke, just as Japan’s economy was mired in a 13-year slump. But he stuck with his loan, hoping the value will come back. And one day, it just might. So he makes his payments each month faithfully, and when he can no longer make them, his son will take over and pay off the remaining balance. And sometime, in the remaining 48 years on the mortgage, the house may once again be worth more than what is owed on it.
The reason I’ve been telling this story so frequently is that, as housing prices in Boston start to come down , my home-less friends and acquaintances are perking up, excited that they may actually be able to own a home of their own – something previously thought to be an impossibility. But when I go out to the Sunday open houses with them, what I see is still, in my opinion, overpriced. I certainly wouldn’t mortgage my life for 30 years for any of it. And so I tell the story of my uncle, but for the most part it falls on deaf ears. I have no problem in believing that housing prices actually can come down, because I’ve seen it with my own eyes. Since I learned that lesson from the Original Bubble Economy, I’ve since seen many bubbles. This chart, from the recent EWI Special Report on real estate (free with sign in) clearly depicts a bubble:
Since its peak in January of this year, the homebuilders index has fallen by almost 50%, is hovering
near its low and threatening to break down further : See Bloomberg Chart Here. Stocks always move before the news. As late as this June, Time was still way behind the curve, featuring its “Home $weet Home” cover:
But now the tidal wave of bad news is hitting the media. The Dallas Morning News reports:
According to Moody’s, delinquent loans now represent nearly 7 percent of the total existing pool of home equity loans. “This is the 11th consecutive month that the home equity delinquency growth rate has risen,” Moody’s Ben Garber said.
The Moral of the Story
Most of the people I know today either glibly, or grimly, believe that housing prices in the U.S. will never come down – or if they do, it won’t be that much – just like my Japanese uncle once did. The glib ones are those who already own a home and are just waiting for the higher prices that they know are coming. The grim ones have been shut out and believe that they’ll never own a home, and so are ready to pounce on the first opportunity they can afford to buy, even if the house is not suitable either physically or financially. But I know that just as prices spiraled up for years, they can also spiral down for years.
The advantage my uncle had of renting a government-subsidized unit was that he was able to save a lot of money for his house. But had he waited only a few more years, instead of jumping on the first thing he could afford, he could have bought twice as big a house, or had half as large a mortgage. And his life would have been quite different. My Uncle already learned this lesson once, and I pass this story along so that you also might benefit from his experience.
When I finish this article and post it, I’m going to get on the horn to my friend T, who is a real estate agent in Seattle. The last time I spoke with him, he told me that things were holding up well in Seattle – business was brisk, and prices were still rising – a big contrast to Boston. I’m going to get his perspective, and see what kind of advice he’s giving current buyers and sellers. And tomorrow I’m going to call the agent for the house next door to mine, which has been for sale now for about 3 months. I’ve never seen anyone visit it, and I’ve never seen an open house, so I think I’ll call the agent and see what I can find out.
We know how this story has unfolded in the last two years. Seattle even topped out in July 2007 according to Case-Shiller. What awaits us in the next two years? I would certainly bet it is house price declines — at least until they become reasonably affordable again. And since markets tend to overshoot, the downside will probably a lot further.
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