UK: Darling confirms government to break up too big to fail banks
In a clear break with US economic policy, the UK government have decided that too big to fail is too big to exist. As a result, three large financial institutions now owned at least in part by government are to be dismantled. Moreover, talk of Tesco’s or Virgin getting the assets is yet another momentous shift in the British banking landscape.
Chancellor Alistair Darling has confirmed that Lloyds, RBS and Northern Rock will be broken up and parts sold to new entrants to the banking sector.
He said there could be three new High Street banks in the UK over the next three to four years as a result.
But the chancellor said he would only sell parts of the banks when "the time is right", to ensure taxpayers get their money back.
There is speculation that buyers might include Tesco and Virgin.
One should not understate the importance of this decision. This is a game-changing move by the UK government. One year ago, it was the U.K.’s decision to recapitalise its banks which changed the economic policy landscape. U.S. policy makers were forced to switch TARP policy from buying up dodgy assets at inflated prices to injecting capital (see my post “Recapitalising Britain” from 7 Oct 2008).
Yet again, the British are leading the way in reform. If you recall, just two weeks ago Mervyn King, the Governor of the Bank of England, made a blistering attack on government policy and advised breaking up too big to fail banks. At the time, Prime Minister Gordon Brown publicly rejected this idea.
However, it seems Labour were not as against King’s ideas as Brown’s comments suggested. The move last week by the Dutch to break up the bankassurance giant ING may have been the impetus. The Chancellor, Alistair Darling, suggested an increase in competition on Britain’s high streets was uppermost in his mind.
Mr Darling said this was the best way to ensure "proper competition and choice". He said having just "half a dozen big providers was not acceptable".
Why Bradford & Bingley was not mentioned with the other three banks under government control is unclear. Tesco’s and Virgin have been two of the more innovative financial service providers on Britain’s high streets and we should look on their ability to compete at scale as something which will shake up financial services in Britain. Tesco’s bid to compete in the banking sector is particularly noteworthy because of its enormous presence on high streets and immense customer base.
I reckon this move will put pressure on the US where the Obama Administration has been completely unwilling to break up the large banks, which are now even more dominant than before the crisis.
Ed,
We need to keep in mind that the break-ups of ING, RBS, etc. are driven 100% from Brussels. The EC Commission has exclusive competence to rule on State aid cases and the Member States have to comply. It is another thing that the EC officials and their Member State counterparts may choose to “market” a EU state aid decision as a “national policy move” rather than something imposed by EU competition law. The Brown Government does probably not need another case of the EU driving “UK” policy after the debacle with the Lisbon Treaty.
The UK “U-turn” is thus rather the EU doing what it is supposed to do much more than Alistair Darling coming up with something new. This most recent development of course puts the wisdom of the UK Government’s decisions on RBS and Lloyds from a year ago into question since EU state aid law is relatively easy to predict.